The Normal Knee
This is a hinge joint. It is lined by articular cartilage and has two fibro-cartilage structures (menisci) which lead to enhanced stability, transfer of joint forces and nutrition of the joint. Stability is further achieved by the cruciate ligaments in the centre and collateral ligaments at the periphery as well as surrounding muscles.
The Diseased Knee
Wear of the articular cartilage occurs because of a natural aging process or secondary to an underlying disease or trauma. The common conditions leading to joint degeneration are Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Cartilage is not seen on an xray. A space will be seen instead between the femur and tibia. Wearing of the cartilage will present with a loss of this natural space, when viewed on xray. A worn joint presents with pain, swelling and restricted movement. There may also be a feeling of instability and noticeable deformity.
A worn joint presents with pain, swelling and restricted movement. There may also be a feeling of instability and noticeable deformity
